Cognitive
Behavioural Therapy (CBT)( updated Oct 2006)
Cognitive behavioural therapy is a therapy that can be applied
to many mental health problems. It is commonly used in the treatment of
Anxiety and Depressive illness. This therapy
is usually limited to 6-12 sessions over 3
to 6 months. It can be done administered individually or in a group setting.
The person is often given tasks to perform in between sessions. Unlike other therapies, the therapist spends
a lot of time talking and teaching, not just listening to the patient.
When treating someone with depression, the therapist will help the
person see how negative thoughts affect mood. The therapist will help
the person identify negative thoughts and learn how to replace them with
more positive ones. The person is taught to change their thought from
to more positive and more rational thoughts.
Negative or unrealistic thoughts are also challenges and tested until
they are proven to be incorrect.
The
therapy also focuses on changing behaviour that may be contributing to
the specific problem. For instance, overwhelming tasks, may be broken
down into smaller parts that are easier to do. They would set a weekly
goal of completing 1 or 2 of the smaller parts. Very soon the person will
have completed the big goal that was thought of as too hard. The person
will learn to will feel much better by finding creative ways to achieve
things.
Creating a healthy life balance by schedule more pleasurable activities
is alos very important. By succeeding at work and spending more time on
things he or she likes to do, the depressed person will begin to enjoy
life more and feel better.
This
type of therapy is also very helpful for people with anxiety. People who
are anxious or nervous a lot, often have frightening thoughts that are
irrational. The therapist will help this person identify the frightening
thoughts and change them to be more realistic. The therapist can help
the person see that while there is a chance that their fears will be realized
is very small and that their fear is not matching the
reality of the actual dangers.
The
therapist may also help someone overcome certain fears by slowly exposing
the person to the thing which makes him or her afraid. This is called
desensitisation. For instance, if a person is afraid of snakes, the therapist
might have him or her look at pictures of snakes for several hours at
a time. After a while, the individual will be able to look at the pictures
without feeling afraid. Then, the therapist could have the person hold
a rubber snake until he or she is relaxed doing this. Using this method
of gradual desensitisation, the person will eventually become comfortable
looking at and even holding a real snake. The same treatment can work
for people with other fears, such as heights and public speaking.
This
therapy can be used along with medication to treat anxiety and depression.
It may take 6 to 8 weeks for a person to see a change in symptoms, although
sometimes it occurs sooner. Once this type of therapy is completed , the
person does not usually need to return again. But some people may find
it helpful to have periodic checkups with their therapists. These therapies
are usually administered by Psychologists or Psychiatrist. Individual
clinicians may specialise in certain areas, so it is worth contacting
the person to discuss your problem before you see them.
